Elizabeth Peabody Essays - Transcendentalism, Civil Disobedience

Elizabeth Peabody Essays - Transcendentalism, Civil Disobedience Elizabeth Peabody Teacher and educational reformer, founder of the kindergarten in America, abolitionist, opponent of European autocratic despotism, friend of political refugees, advocate of Native American rights and education, of woman's suffrage, and of world peace, Miss Peabody worked unceasingly toward the improvement of society. In the 1840s, she ran a circulating library and bookstore at 13 West Street in Boston, providing the Transcendentalists (see previous article on Transcendentalism here) with a gathering place and with volumes of foreign literature and philosophy. Margaret Fuller conducted her famous conversations at 13 West Street. The Brook Farm utopian community was planned there. Moreover, Elizabeth Peabody was a publisher at a time when few women were involved in that business. Among the titles issued under her name were Dr. William Ellery Channing's Emancipation (1840), Hawthorne's Grandfather's Chair, Famous Old People, and Liberty Tree (1841), two of the four volumes of the Transc endental periodical the Dial (1842 and 1843), and the short-lived Aesthetic Papers (1849), which included the first appearance in print of Thoreau's Civil Disobedience. Miss Peabody was also a gifted linguist, familiar with some dozen languages, and a prolific writer on education, reform, language, history, art, and other topics. Bibliography tappedin.org/info/teachers/peabody.htm

Conjugate Definition in Chemistry

Conjugate Definition in Chemistry In chemistry, there are three possible definitions of the term conjugate. Three Types of Conjugates (1) A conjugate refers to a compound formed by the joining of two or more chemical compounds. (2) In the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases, the term conjugate refers to an acid and base that differ from each other by a proton. When an acid and base react, the acid forms its conjugate base while the base forms it conjugate acid: acid base ⇆ conjugate base conjugate acid For an acid HA, the equation is written: HA B ⇆ A- HB The reaction arrow points both left and right because the reaction at equilibrium occurs in both the forward direction to form products and the reverse direction to convert products back into reactants. The acid loses a proton to become its conjugate base A- as the base B accepts a proton to become its conjugate acid HB. (3) Conjugation is the overlap of p-orbitals across a ÏÆ' bond (sigma bond). In transition metals, d-orbitals may overlap. The orbitals have delocalized electrons when there are alternating single and multiple bonds in a molecule. Bonds alternate in a chain so long as each atom has an available p-orbital. Conjugation tends to lower the energy of the molecule and increase its stability.   Conjugation is common in conducting polymers, carbon nanotubules, graphene, and graphite. Its seen in many organic molecules. Among other applications, conjugated systems can form chromophores. Chromophores are molecules that can absorb certain wavelengths of light, leading them to be colored. Chromophores are found in dyes, the photoreceptors of the eye, and glow in the dark pigments.

A business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A business plan - Essay Example The Banking industry faces challenges concerning the financial systems in place. This is because the systems do not favor the small-scale entrepreneurs’ needs. This is manifest in the hard conditions set for the small-scale loan seekers. Finansol requires capital of US$25M to start operations (Austin, 2008, 34). The changes of regulations that govern the financial institutions will also enable the bank to obtain these funds through lease financing. The company has also access to funds through certificate of deposits and the issuing of bonds. Additionally, Finansol can seek funding through the exchange of loan portfolios for favourable percentage of stock. The start of the banking business will proof realistic because of the favorable business environment in the banking industry. The banks will offer favorable sources of lending facilities to the clients in a bid to boost business activities. The financial forecast of Finansol is realistic because the figure provided indicates the true position of the organization in the next five

The Juror Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Juror - Term Paper Example The jury should decide the facts in the case and then apply the facts to the law. For all the Americans, trial by a jury is a basic constitutional right. The paper underscores the importance of getting a fair juror, who are capable of listening to the evidence presented and deciding the case based on facts rather than emotion. One may be summoned for one of the three core kinds of jury service, namely: a Grand juror, a State Grand Juror, or a Petit Juror. Juries are mainly comprised of people from all walks of life (intended to mirror the community) and does not require educational or skill requirements. Jurors are expected to remain impartial throughout the trial, weigh the evidence presented to them, and apply the law in an attempt to reach a verdict. Some people dislike the civic duty of being a juror and find all manner of excuses to disqualify themselves from this duty. In most case, requests to be excused are rarely granted, especially those based on religious beliefs, status, moral beliefs, and professional status (Sunstein, 2002). Most people cite inconvenience to a prospective trial juror; nevertheless, this not a legal reason to be excused from jury service though this may warrant postponement. Potential jurors are essentially picked from various sources such as voter registration list, identification cardholders, and lists of licensed drivers. Hence, some people do not understand the difference between â€Å"evidence† highlighted in the media and evidence presented during the trial. This presents difficulties especially when such people are selected to be jurors during a trial (Waldrep, 2010). In the first episode, the prosecutor (Gerald Lewis) presents his version of event where he depicts Singh as a psychopath. The victim’s family threatens the accused on his arrival in court, and later opts to influence the jurors. In the course of the second episode (The Jury (ITV1)), Marcia receives a phone call directing her that, for the sake of her family, it would be advisable for her to vote "guilty." In episode 3, Marcia continues to receive threats and informs the judge on the unfortunate developments; nevertheless, she agrees to stay on; the judge indicates that if any other juror is adversely influenced, he will call for a retrial. These scenes demonstrate the challenges associated with being a juror. Discussion Surveys conducted by American Bar Association have demonstrated that, three out of four Americans are confident in the jury system as the fairest way of determining whether the defendant is guilty or innocent in criminal cases. Jurors should weigh lawyers’ arguments, evidence, as well a witness testimonies presented to reach a decision; nevertheless, this does not prevent the possibility of being impacted by their life experiences, which may create a bias towards either side. The trial judge presides over the trial and outlines what laws apply. The judge instructs the jury as the proper law in every ca se. Although, there are claims that a jury can â€Å"nullify† the law, such a perception come out as legally inaccurate and severely prejudices the application of justice. Jurors who may disregard the trial judge’s instructions have contravened their oath. Once the jury has arrived at its verdict, the presiding juror fills in and signs the verdict form. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia held that the jury possesses an â€Å"unreviewable and irreversible power†

Importance of Stretching and Warming Up

Importance of Stretching and Warming Up Stretching Fitness. The Importance of Warming up. Why do Gym teachers at school or college, personal trainers or sports coaches, have you warm up your body and do stretching techniques before exercising? It is for exactly the same reason that career athletes and sports professionals take their time to stretch and warm up before a practice or a match. The stretching will help greatly to prepare your body for the exercise that it is about to experience. However, before one stretches, it is usually vital, or at the least preferable, that you warm up first. Warming up does imply that you are preparing to exercise, just like getting ready. For example, in cold weather a car needs to be started and warmed up, before you move off in the car down the road. Manufacturers advise us to do this because starting up and immediately driving off is potentially damaging to the engine – the same logic applies to your body. Warming up will help to increase the temperature of your body to an optimum state while also preparing your muscles to be ready for exercise. Thus, warming up will actively help to prevent injuries to muscles, which may otherwise occur if you just start from cold and exercise. Warming up properly will also increase your heart rate, this will deliver more blood and therefore oxygen to your muscles while readying the body to burn more energy. Ideally five to ten minutes of warming up should be sufficient. You can warm up while doing the same movements that you will be doing for exercise, but just at a slower pace, like slow-motion. If you are going to run, then simply jog for those minutes to warm up, before building to your maximum and sustained effort. Preferably for all sports activities, after your body has warmed up, it is time to stretch. It is important to get into this habit because if you stretch cold muscles it will lead to injury, even a debilitating injury. But if you have prepared your muscles and they are warm, stretching correctly will reduce injuries and long term stress while also delivering to you improved flexibility, a greater range of motion, of posture and of coordination. The benefits are important and long term for you overall musculature. What is happening when you stretch the muscles? What does stretching actually do, and why can it sometimes hurt? What should stretching actually be making you feel? You do know that it is important to stretch, and that you feel the benefit after having stretched, but why is this, what happens to your muscles (and overall to your body) after a stretch session? It is all to do with flexibility. Your inherent ability to flex will come from many factors, i.e. the joints, the ligaments, your tendons and the muscles of your body. Some people, are simply born with loose ligaments and with more mobile bone joints. This is not something which you need to work on altering, for the ligaments connect the bones and are vital for the overall stability of the body. If you try to lengthen the ligaments, you will certainly face problems. Your attention in stretching is actually on the muscles, and equally on where the tendons and the muscles meet (the tendons connect the muscle to your bones). The tendons and the muscles are the important main physical structures for your flexibility efforts. It is that interface which you are concentrating upon. As well as the bone joints and the ligament structures, the muscle mass (i.e., what strength you have) will affect how supple you are and how far you can stretch. Training and conditioning affects greatly your flexibility. Focus on your muscles. How do they Work? Muscles vary greatly in their shape and their size, and they serve many different functions. Most of the larger muscles, such as the hamstrings and the quadriceps, control your motion. The other muscles, such as the heart, and muscles of your inner ear, perform different functions. However, at the microscopic level, all of the muscles of the body do share an intrinsic basic structure. At their highest level, the (whole) muscle is made up of so many strands of tissue known as fascicles. You see these strands of muscle when red meat or poultry is cut. Each fascicle is made up of fasciculi, these are bundles of muscle fibres. These muscle fibres are in turn made of several tens of thousand of thread like myofybrils, these contract, relax, or elongate. The myofybrils are also made up of several millions of bands laid end to end and known as sarcomeres. Each individual sarcomere is composed of overlapping thin and thick filaments known as myofilaments. The thin and thick myofilaments are in turn composed of contractile proteins, which are primarily actin and myosin. Your nerves connect your spinal column to the muscle. The point where the nerve and muscle connect is known as the neuromuscular junction. When electrical signals cross the neuromuscular junction, this is then transmitted deep inside your muscle fibres. Subsequently and inside your muscle fibres, the electrical signal stimulates a flow of calcium which then causes the thin and thick myofilaments to slide across each other. When this happens, it signals the sarcomere to shorten, and this generates force. Therefore when the billions of sarcomeres of the muscle shorten simultaneously, then it results in a contraction of the whole muscle fibre. If a muscle fibre contracts, it completely contracts. There is no event known as a partially contracted muscle fibre. The muscle fibres are not capable of varying in intensity during their contraction, relative to the load against which you are imposing. How then does the force of a muscle contraction result in a variance of strength from weak to strong? What occurs is that the more of the muscle fibres that are recruited, as and when required to perform the work requested of them, then the more those muscle fibres that are recruited by your central nervous system, the stronger is the force being generated by the muscular contraction. Fixator Muscles This may be a little technical and term heavy, but it will give you a better idea as to the complexity of what is actually happening in your body when movement of the body is under way. Fixators, are the muscles that provide you the necessary support that assist in holding the rest of your body in place, while movement happens. Fixators are sometimes also called stabilizer muscles. When you flex a knee, your hamstring will contract, and also, to some extent, your calf (gastrocnemius) and your lower buttocks. Meanwhile, your quadriceps are being inhibited (somewhat lengthened and relaxed) in order not to retard the flexion. In this example, the hamstring serves you as the agonist, or the prime mover and the quadricep serves you as the antagonist. The calf and lower buttocks serve you as the synergists. The agonists and the antagonists are generally found on opposite sides of the affected joint (such as your hamstrings and your quadriceps, or your triceps and your biceps), The synergists are generally located at the same side on the joint and near the agonists. Larger muscles will regularly call upon their smaller neighbours to function as synergists. The muscles are by nature extremely pliant, and they can stretch up to one and a half times their own length, whereas your tendons may be damaged permanently if they are stretched by just four percent beyond their natural length. When you are stretching a muscle, this means that it stretches out from the centre of the muscle belly, out to the point where the muscle and tendon meet. Overstretching means tissue damage. A gentle stretch will relax your muscles, allowing them to release and grow longer, yet too intensive a stretch can actually produce an inflammatory response. This means that your body is trying to repair some damage. Any time you cause yourself pain, then you are actually causing tissue damage. You do not want to create any form of pain or discomfort when you are trying to become increase your mobility while also enhancing your flexibility. Let your mind and body relax. In order for a stretch to reach the complete length of a muscle and reach deep into the muscle-tendon connections, then it is preferred that you hold each stretch for about one minute.. but don’t push it, work up to this optimum. Your stretches should be gentle. Try not to bounce when stretching, as this can damage your muscles. Stretching must never hurt you, so be sure to stop if you start to feel pain. Holding a stretch for 10-30 seconds will help your muscles lengthen. Your flexibility work, if done correctly, will produce a calming effect and even stretching before bed will help your mind and body relax, and produce a better sleep too equally your gentle stretching, will aid the body to recover and regenerate. Do not stretch if you have any injuries. Keep breathing during your stretches. Correct breathing ensures that your muscles get the oxygen required during stretching. Ensure that both sides of your body are equally stretched. It might feel natural to you to focus on a dominant side, yet one’s focus should be to stretch all muscles equally. Some propose that water is important to drink regarding your flexibility as an increased water intake is thought to contribute to better mobility, as well as enhanced total body relaxation. Stretching your neck. Tilt your head forward, but don’t rock it from side to side as this may be dangerous. Alternatively, stretch your neck to the left, then the right, go forward and backward, and return to centre. Angle your head with the ear towards a shoulder, then tilt your head backwards and roll it from left to right, then the right to the left in a 30 degree motion. Ensure that when the head is tilted backwards, you keep the jaw relaxed and even let your mouth fall open a little. Stretch the shoulder. Put an arm on the chest. Grasp your forearm with the other arm. Pull the arm until you feel your shoulder is stretching. Push the arm that you are stretching the opposite way so to contract the muscle if you notice that the chest is stretching instead of the shoulder. STATIC STRETCHING Static stretching is a traditional type of stretching that most people are more familiar with. For example, bending over and touching your toes is a great static stretch for your hamstrings and your lower back. With static stretching you will want to go to just at the point of discomfort and then hold this stretch if possible for 30-60 seconds. Go slowly at first, do not push yourself to the point of excruciating pain and so risk pulling or tearing any muscles. As you become more habituated to stretching, your pain threshold will increase and you will be able to maintain any stretches for longer and then to stretch deeper. Here are some static stretches that you can do easily. Chest. Shoulders and Biceps. Extend an arm and grasp a pole or other sturdy stationary object with one hand. Then slowly rotate the body away while keeping your posture upright. Keep going until you feel a good stretch in the chest, shoulders, and biceps. Hold this and then repeat it with the other arm. Try to do this stretch at least twice for each side. UPPER BODY STRETCH This stretch is quite easy, grasp a chin up bar and hang from it for as long as your strength will hold. You will probably feel the stretch throughout your entire upper torso. This can be repeated several times with different grips (e.g. wide, underhand, narrow, overhand). LATS/CHEST STRETCH Grab a bar or machine handle that is about waist high. Simply extend back as shown in the picture until you feel a good stretch in the lats and chest. Hold this for 30-60 seconds, take a quick rest and then repeat again. QUADS STRETCH Using a leg extension or seated leg curl machine, set the foot roller pad so that it is just lower then the height of your butt. Put the pin in the full weight stack so that the pad doesnt move. Then hook your foot over the pad as shown in the picture. And lean back and down until you feel the stretch throughout the quads. Hold this for 30-60 seconds and then repeat with the other leg. Do this stretch at least twice for each side. HAMSTRINGS STRETCH Extend your leg on a weight machine, rack, or some other object that is a bit higher then waist height. Straighten your leg and lean forward until you feel the stretch in the hamstrings. Try to grab your toes if you flexible enough, if not then just reach out as far as you can. Hold this for 30-60 seconds and then repeat with the other leg. Do this stretch at least twice for each side. LOWER BACK/HAMSTRINGS STRETCH This is pretty straight forward, just bend over with your legs straight and touch your toes. Hold this for 30-60 seconds, take a quick rest and then repeat again.

Levering Diversity and Inclusion in the Workplace

This article sheds light on how some companies approach diversity and inclusion training from a standpoint that may be doing more harm than good. The article speaks to what not to do or say as it relates to diverse groups of employees. Mainly to ensure no lawsuits occur or any laws are broken. However, a recent study by researchers from Harvard University, University of California at Berkeley and the University of Minnesota showed that diversity training that emphasizes the threat of lawsuits actually had a negative effect on diversity. In addition, attitudes about diversity showed no measurable changes after such training. The research showed that the problem with negatively directed diversity training was that it emphasized differences rather than similarities. The training tended to group people according to characteristics, such as color and religion, rather than individual preferences. Noting that race and religion, being such a â€Å"touchy† subject, put managers in a position where they felt they were being intrusive or encroaching on employees freedoms. Getting one step closer to breaking laws or having impending lawsuits. This article was written to suggest an alternate way of presenting diversity and inclusion as it relates to the work place. They suggest that training should focus more on similarities of diverse group members and non-diverse group members. This creates an open line of communication and appreciation that although a difference exists among them they still share common ground. They suggest that the key to successful training and in breaking down stereotypes is to focus on exercises that allow people to relate as individuals. Instead of using words like â€Å"diversity† or even â€Å"similarity,† turn the employee’s thoughts to â€Å"individuality. † At even the basic level all people can relate to being an individual. This individuality is generally more widely accepted than thinking of someone being a part of a â€Å"diverse† group. The major goal in addressing diversity from this stand point also shifts management’s mindset from what not to do to what they can do as it relates to positive diversity and inclusion training.

Procrastination and Homework

Do you procrastinate? Most of us put things off from time to time, like when were supposed to be studying for a test or starting our lengthy research paper assignments. But giving in to diversions can really hurt us in the long run. Recognizing Procrastination Procrastination is like a little white lie we tell ourselves. We think we’ll feel better if we do something fun, like watch a TV show, instead of studying or reading. But when we give in to the urge to put off our responsibilities, we always feel worse in the long run, not better. And whats worse, we end up doing a poor job when we finally get started on the task at hand! Those who procrastinate the most are usually performing below their potential. Do you spend too much time on things that don’t matter? You may be a procrastinator if you: Feel the impulse to clean your room before you get started on a project.Rewrite the first sentence or paragraph of a paper several times, repeatedly.Crave a snack as soon as you sit down to study. Spend too much time (days) to decide on a topic.Carry books around all the time, but never open them to study.Get angry if a parent asks â€Å"Have you started yet?†Always seem to find an excuse to avoid going to the library to start on the research. You probably did relate to at least one of those situations. But don’t be hard on yourself! That means you are perfectly normal. The key to success is this: it is important that you don’t allow these diversion tactics to affect your grades in a bad way. A little procrastination is normal, but too much is self-defeating. Avoiding Procrastination How can you battle the urge to put things off? Try the following tips. Recognize that a feisty little voice lives inside every one of us. He tells us it would be rewarding to play a game, eat, or watch TV when we know better. Don’t fall for it!Think about the rewards of accomplishments, and put reminders around your study room. Is there a specific college you want to attend? Put the poster right over your desk. That will serve as a reminder to be your best.Work out a reward system with your parent. There may be a concert youre dying to go to, or a new coat youve spotted in the mall. Make a deal with your parents way ahead of time— make an agreement that you can receive the reward only if you reach your goals. And stick to the deal!Start with small goals if you’re facing a big assignment. Don’t get overwhelmed by the big picture. Accomplishment feels great, so set small goals first, and take it day by day. Set new goals as you go.Finally, give yourself time to play! Set aside a special time to do whatever you want. Afterward, you’ll be ready to get to work!Find a study partner who will help you stay on track. Meet regularly to discuss your commitments and deadlines. Its a strange thing about human nature: we might be willing to let ourselves down easily enough, but we hesitate to disappoint a friend.Give yourself ten minutes or so to clean your space before you get started. The urge to clean as a procrastination tactic is common and it is based on the fact that our brains desire the feeling of starting with a clean slate. Go ahead and organize your space--but dont take too much time. Still find yourself putting off those important projects? Discover  More Procrastination Tips  to help you manage your time effectively.